4º English 1 H
Stephen Wong
Iliad
Important
Characters:
Agamemnon king of Mycenae; brother of Menelaos
Hektor Prince of Troy; son of Priam and
Hekuba
Achilles greatest warrior of the Achaian
army
Aias song of Telamon; he has
brute strength and
courage
Menelaos husband of Helen; brother of
Agamemnon
Paris a prince of Troy; also son
of Priam and
Hekuba
Priam King of Troy; very old man
Helen wife of Menelaos; most beautiful
woman In
the world
Diomedes one of the best Achaian
warriors
Hekuba wife of Priam
Aeneas son of Aphrodite; Trojan
Aphrodite Daughter of Zeus; goddess of
love; mother
of Aeneas; patron
of Paris; on the Trojans'
side
Athena daughter of Zeus; goddess of
wisdom; on
the Achaian side
Ares son of Zeus; god of
prophecy, light, poetry,
and music; on the
Trojans' side
Zeus supreme god and king of
Olympos
Poseidon younger brother of Zeus; god of
sea
Iliad
Chryseis and Briseis who were captured during a
raid in Troy are awarded as 'war prizes' to Agamemnon and Achilles. Chryseis for Agamemnon and Briseis for
Achilles. Chryseis is the daughter of
Chryses which prays Apollo to help get back his daughter. Apollo causes a
deadly plague in the Achaian camp. Achilles asked Kalchas to explain the cause of
Apollo's anger. Apollo plagued the
Achaians because Agamemnon refused to return Chryseis to her father. Agamemnon demands Achilles' war prize in
place of Chryseis. Achilles because
angry at Agamemnon's demand and withdraws his troops from the Achaian
army. Agamemnon returns Chryseis to her
father then collects Briseis from Achilles.
Strangely, Achilles gives him the girl.
Then, Achilles decides to tell his mother about the problem. Achilles asks his mother to ask Zeus to make
sure that the Trojans win. Thetis goes
to Zeus and asks and he agrees to help the Trojans.
Agamemnon has a dream that he can defeat the
Trojans so, full of false hope, he planned a mass assault on Troy. Agamemnon orders his army to prepare
themselves to attack. When the news of
the Achaian plan arrived in Troy, Hektor ordered his troops to meet the
Achaians on the plain in front of Troy.
Paris dares any of the Achaian warriors to
fight him personally. Then, Menelaos
accepted the challenge. But, Paris is
suddenly scared and backs out. Hektor
then fines Paris and scolds him. The
agreement was whoever won gets Helen, then the war would be over. They fight on a large open area between the
armies. Menelaos hurts Paris then Aphrodite
saves Paris and brings him to his bedroom in Troy, where she also brings
Helen. Then Agamemnon announces that
Menelaos has won.
Hera wants the complete destruction of Troy so
Zeus sends Athena to get them fighting again.
Athena then tempts Pandaros to kill Menelaos, then he would get great
glory. Then, Pandaros stupidly shoots
Menelaos with an arrow and wounds Menelaos.
Agamemnon and the Achaians were shocked by this violation of the
truce. The wound is not fatal, but when
the surgeon is treating it, several Trojan regiments begin to attack. Agamemnon immediately orders is army to fight
and the army is cheerfully responding to Agamemnon's praises.
The battle then continues and has an
outstanding warrior, Diomedes. Pandaros
then wounds Diomedes and Diomedes asks for Athena's aid. She gives him more courage, and the advantage
of being able to tell between gods and mortals.
She tells him not to fight with any of the gods but Aphrodite. Diomedes kills many Trojans including
Pandaros. Then, he wounds Aeneas and
takes his horses as a war prize.
Diomedes is angry at Aphrodite's interference so he wounds her in the
hand. The Achaians are slowly loosing and withdrawing. Hera and Athena helps the Achaians. Ares complains to Zeus about the bad treatment
he got and Zeus tells him he doesn't care.
No more gods are fighting in the war. The Achaians overpower the Trojans and drive
them back. Diomedes and Glaukos
challenge each other to a personal duel.
Later, they discover that they are related form their grandfathers. Then respectfully exchange their armor. Hektor then finds Paris to come back to
fight. Andromache and Astyanax beg their
man not to fight . Hektor then says it
is his duty.
Hektor and Paris rejoin the Trojan army then
they battle again. Athena and Apollo
wants to end the day's combat by dueling Hektor to one of the best Achaian
warriors. Telamonian Aias battles with
Hektor. No one wins. A short truce is called for burial of the
dead. Zeus plans to end the Trojan War
and warns the gods not to interfere.
The Achaian army seems to be loosing and even
King Agamemnon feels bad. Then, Diomedes
convinced the army to stay and fight till Troy is destroyed. Agamemnon knows that he was wrong when he was
unwise about taking Achilles' war prize and offers to give her back if Achilles
rejoins the army, but Achilles refuses the offer.
Agamemnon is bothered by the fate of the
Achaian army so he held a conference and they send Diomedes and Odysseus to spy
on the Trojans. They stop a man named
Dolon and from him they learn the location of Hektor and his staff and also
important information about the Trojan army.
The Achaians then attack but many are wounded
therefore the Trojans start winning.
Patroklos dies because Achilles uses him as a substitute.
The Achaians take cover behind their wall. The Trojans can not cross the Achaian's
trench therefore, they attack on foot.
An eagle with a serpent flies over the Trojan army and Poulydamas thinks
this is a bad omen and asks Hektor to retreat, but he refuses. The Trojan army finally knocks the Achaian
wall down and the army storms inside.
Zeus has brought the Trojans as far as defeating the Achaians and he
sits back and watches. As Zeus watches,
Poseidon takes this advantage and he disguises himself as Kachas and helps the
Achaians.
Achilles lets Patroklos wear his armor and
tells Patroklos to only save the ships.
The Trojans believe that Achilles has returned and is going to beat them
up so Hektor and his army decide to retreat back to Troy. Apollo decides to enter the fighting and he
hits Patroklos so hard that his vizored helmet flies off and then a Trojan
soldier pierces him between the shoulders with a javelin. Hektor sees Patroklos and he stabs Patroklos
at the lower part of his belly.
Hektor takes Patroklos' armor then leaves him
naked on the ground. The Trojans wanted
to take the body and mutilate it and the Achaians wanted to give him a proper
funeral ceremony. Two of the best
warriors from both armies fight and along joins Apollo and Athena. Finally, Patroklos' body is safely carried
back to the Achaian camp.
When Achilles finds out that Patroklos died, he
gets mad at himself and sobs. Thetis
promises to get new armor for Achilles that was taken by Hektor. The Trojans follow the Achaians when they
take Patroklos' body away so Achilles appears at the trench and scares the
Trojans away. Achilles is very mad at
the sight of Patroklos' dead body so he promises to kill Hektor and twelve
Trojan warriors. Thetis receives new
armor from Hephaistos and goes and searches for her son.
Achilles, mad at Hektor for killing his friend,
rejoins the Achaians and ends the fight he has with Agamemnon. Agamemnon returns Briseis to Achilles along
with many other presents. Achilles knows
his fate that he will die in battle avenging for Patroklos but nothing would
prevent him for fighting back.
Zeus tells the gods that they can join in on
the sides they wish to help. Achilles
wanted to kill Aeneas but Poseidon rescues him.
Achilles doesn't kill Aeneas so he kills many Trojans.
The god of the river is mad at Achilles for all
the bloodshed in the river's water so he attacks Achilles with waves and
currents. Poseidon, Athena, Hera, and
Hephaistos attack the river with fire.
Hektor stands outside the Trojan gates to await
Achilles and to fight with him. When
Achilles gets there, Hektor is so afraid he runs away. Finally, Achilles and Hektor started
fighting. Achilles kills Hektor. Then, Achilles attaches Hektor's naked body
to his chariot by the heels and drags the corpse as he goes. Priam and Hekuba see what Achilles is doing
and the moan and groan. Andromache
collapses when she hears the news.
Achilles dreams that Patroklos asks that his
funeral be held so that he can enter the realm of the dead in peace. The next morning, the soldiers got wood and
built a large funeral mound. They place
Patroklos's body on the top of the mound and they sacrifice the twelve Trojan
captives. Achilles holds funeral games in which valuable prizes are
awarded. Hektor's body has been lying on
the ground untouched.
For nine days, Achilles drags Hektor's corpse
around the dead body of Patroklos. Zeus
then orders that Hektor have a suitable burial.
Priam talks to Achilles and moved him with memories of home and parents
so Achilles agrees to give Priam Hektor's body.
Hektor's body is placed on a mound and burned. They placed his bones in a golden chest, then
buried it in a shallow grave.
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